Sheldon Richman | The Libertarian Institute

Competition Is Cooperation

by Sheldon Richman | Jan 4, 2025 | Blog, Economics

"The pricing process is a social process. It is consummated by an interaction of all members of the society. All collaborate and cooperate, each in the particular role he has chosen for himself in the framework of the division of labor. Competing in cooperation and cooperating in competition all people are instrumental in bringing about the result, viz., the price structure of the market, the allocation of the factors of production to the various lines of want-satisfaction, and the determination of the share of each individual. These three events are not three different matters. They are...

TGIF: Capitalist Exploitation or Interest?

by Sheldon Richman | Jan 3, 2025 | Economics, Featured Articles, Justice, Sheldon Richman, TGIF

The completely just proposition that the worker is to receive the entire value of his product can be reasonably interpreted to mean either that he is to receive the full present value of his product now or that he is to get the entire future value in the future. But ... the socialists interpret it to mean that the worker is to receive the entire future value of his product now. —Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk The free-market economy—laissez-faire capitalism—may be unpopular because people think it authorizes the exploitation of workers. They are not paid the full value of their product—or so it...

Crucial Economic Calculation

by Sheldon Richman | Jan 3, 2025 | Blog, Economics

"The advocates of totalitarianism consider 'capitalism' a ghastly evil, an awful illness that came upon mankind. In the eyes of Marx it was an inevitable stage of mankind’s evolution, but for all that the worst of evils; fortunately salvation is imminent and will free man forever from this disaster. In the opinion of other people it would have been possible to avoid capitalism if only men had been more moral or more skillful in the choice of economic policies. All such lucubrations have one feature in common. They look upon capitalism as if it were an accidental phenomenon which could be...

Which Came First: The Individual or the Group?

by Sheldon Richman | Jan 2, 2025 | Blog, Economics

"It is illusory to believe that it is possible to visualize collective wholes. They are never visible; their cognition is always the outcome of the understanding of the meaning which acting men attribute to their acts. We can see a crowd, i.e., a multitude of people. Whether this crowd is a mere gathering or a mass (in the sense in which this term is used in contemporary psychology) or an organized body or any other kind of social entity is a question which can only be answered by understanding the meaning which they themselves attach to their presence. And this meaning is always the meaning...

The Socialist Spirit

by Sheldon Richman | Jan 1, 2025 | Blog, Economics

"Of course, not Marxists alone, but most of those who emphatically declare themselves anti-Marxists, think entirely on Marxist lines and have adopted Marx’s arbitrary, unconfirmed and easily refutable dogmas. If and when they come into power, they govern and work entirely in the socialist spirit." —Ludwig von Mises, Socialism, Preface to 2nd German edition

Production for Profit Is Production for People, part 2

by Sheldon Richman | Dec 31, 2024 | Blog, Economics

"In his capacity as a businessman a man is a servant of the consumers, bound to comply with their wishes. He cannot indulge in his own whims and fancies. But his customers’ whims and fancies are for him ultimate law, provided these customers are ready to pay for them. He is under the necessity of adjusting his conduct to the demand of the consumers. If the consumers, without a taste for the beautiful, prefer things ugly and vulgar, he must, contrary to his own convictions, supply them with such things. If consumers do not want to pay a higher price for domestic products than for those...

Production for Profit Is Production for People

by Sheldon Richman | Dec 30, 2024 | Blog, Economics

"Profit and loss can be expressed in definite amounts of money. It is possible to ascertain in terms of money how much an individual has profited or lost. However, this is not a statement about this individual’s psychic profit or loss. It is a statement about a social phenomenon, about the individual’s contribution to the societal effort as it is appraised by the other members of society. It does not tell us anything about the individual’s increase or decrease in satisfaction or happiness. It merely reflects his fellow men’s evaluation of his contribution to social cooperation. This...

Pseudo-Liberalism

by Sheldon Richman | Dec 29, 2024 | Blog, Economics

"The detractors of liberty are in this sense right in calling it a 'bourgeois' issue and in blaming the rights guaranteeing liberty for being negative. In the realm of state and government, liberty means restraint imposed upon the exercise of the police power. "There would be no need to dwell upon this obvious fact if the champions of the abolition of liberty had not purposely brought about a semantic confusion. They realized that it was hopeless for them to fight openly and sincerely for restraint and servitude. The notions liberty and freedom had such prestige that no propaganda could...